Authors are required to submit manuscripts that align with the journal's aims and scope and are prepared in accordance with the journal's Author Guidelines. All submissions must be made through the online submission system.

The Editor-in-Chief, together with at least two members of the Editorial Board, conducts an initial screening of each submitted manuscript. To proceed beyond this stage, a manuscript must align with the journal's focus and scope, follow the required manuscript format, and have a similarity score of no more than [X]%, in accordance with the journal's Screening for Plagiarism policy. Manuscripts are also screened for ethical compliance and adherence to academic integrity standards.

Manuscripts that pass the initial screening are assigned to at least two reviewers with relevant expertise in the manuscript's field (for example, actuarial and financial mathematics, process and environmental engineering, urban and regional planning, or business and entrepreneurship). Reviewers evaluate the manuscript and provide one of the following recommendations:

• ◆Accept without revision
• ◆Accept with minor revisions
• ◆Accept with major revisions
• ◆Reject

Authors are notified of the reviewers' decisions through the system, including any revisions required prior to publication. The journal employs a double-blind peer review process to ensure fairness, transparency, and academic integrity.

Authors revise their manuscripts in accordance with the reviewers' recommendations, as set out in the reviewers' form.

Manuscripts requiring major revisions are returned to the same peer reviewers for a second round of review. The Editorial Board then evaluates the revised manuscript together with the authors' responses to the reviewers' comments. The time required for this evaluation depends on submission order.

Following the Editor-in-Chief's final decision, authors receive an official notification of acceptance, revision, or rejection. Additional information or clarification may be requested at this stage if necessary. If a manuscript does not meet the format requirements, authors will be asked to revise and resubmit their work. In cases of desk rejection, authors may submit a revised manuscript only after fully addressing the identified issues.

Accepted manuscripts are checked against the maximum similarity score of [X]% and then edited by the journal's editorial staff for language, referencing consistency (see the referencing requirement in the Author Guidelines), and final formatting prior to publication.

The formatted manuscript is proofread by the journal's editorial staff. A galley proof of the formatted article is also sent to the authors for final approval. If no further changes are requested, the article proceeds to publication.

Authors are notified once their manuscript has been published, in accordance with the journal's twice-yearly publication schedule (January and July). The estimated time from initial submission to publication is approximately 3–4 months, subject to the volume and complexity of the revisions required.